Unpopular Front

Unpopular Front

The Dugin-Snyder Complex; the Myth of the State; Hubris in Sophocles’s Ajax

Reading, Watching 08.23.26

John Ganz
Aug 23, 2026
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Plate119: The Death of Ajax (Aiax moretm Sibi consciscens, in florem abit), from Ovid's 'Metamorphoses', Antonio Tempesta (Italian, Florence 1555–1630 Rome), Etching
The Death of Ajax (Aiax moretm Sibi consciscens, in florem abit), from Ovid’s ‘Metamorphoses’, Antonio Tempesta, 1606, etching, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

In the Ideas Letter, political scientist Marlene Laruelle has a very clever comparison between two people who are apparent opposites—Alexander Dugin and Timothy Snyder:

On paper, Timothy Snyder and Alexander Dugin should have nothing to say to each other. Snyder is an American historian and a longtime history professor at Yale, now at the University of Toronto, whose authority rests on the years he spent studying the different forms of state violence that shaped Eastern Europe under both the Nazi and the Stalinist regimes. Dugin is a Russian political philosopher and self-taught esoteric thinker, more at home with occult speculations than archival footnotes. He is also a disciple of the so-called Traditionalist School of Julius Evola and René Guénon, an anti-modernist philosophy that seeks the return to a metaphysical order.

The distance between them is not only intellectual but also political. Snyder became one of Donald Trump’s most insistent critics and a vocal advocate for Ukraine’s defense against Russia’s aggression, starting with the annexation of Crimea in 2014; Dugin spent the same decade as the man whom many Western journalists have called, mostly out of intellectual laziness, “Putin’s brain.”

So yes, the two should have nothing to say to each other. And yet when their claims are placed side by side, the similarities become hard to miss. Despite their opposing politics, Snyder and Dugin often rely on the same underlying way of thinking. Both offer a master concept that promises total clarity, divides politics into moral absolutes, and frames Russia as an atemporal civilizational entity.

They also write posturing in the vein of prophecy. And they cultivate a kind of apocalyptic thinking that locates the crisis abroad rather than at home. Each of their master concepts is grand enough to explain an epoch and is wielded as a decoder: Whoever has not grasped it looks, at best, naive.


You might say they both had a mythic outlook. Before my vacation, I was reading Ernst Cassirer’s The Myth of the State (1946). Cassirer is neglected today, but along with his rival Martin Heidegger, perhaps the most important German philosopher of the first half of the 20th century. His basic idea was that man was an animal symbolicum—a symbol-making animal, a thesis he developed in his primary work, The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. The Myth of the State is his attempt to understand the rise of the Nazis. I thought the passages on how the racial theories of Arthur de Gobineau, the French aristocrat who essentially invented race science, differed from patriotism and nationalism were very interesting and relevant since there is a constant attempt to reinject this poison into public consciousness:

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